The Research Dialogue

 Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini are increasingly being used in the legal profession for drafting petitions, summarizing judgments, and conducting legal research. While these technologies improve efficiency and reduce research time, they also create serious risks when they generate false or non-existent legal information, commonly known as “AI hallucinations.” In the legal field, such errors may lead to fabricated citations, misleading legal arguments, and violations of professional ethics.

This paper examines how Indian law addresses the misuse of AI by legal professionals in the absence of a dedicated statutory framework regulating artificial intelligence. It argues that advocates cannot avoid liability by attributing errors to technological systems because the duty to verify legal authorities remains a personal and professional obligation. The paper further analyzes the relevance of the Advocates Act, 1961, Bar Council of India Rules, the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, and constitutional principles relating to privacy and fair procedure. It also evaluates emerging international approaches to AI governance and proposes reforms such as mandatory disclosure of AI-assisted drafting, digital ethics guidelines, and institutional safeguards for responsible AI usage in legal practice.

Keywords-Artificial Intelligence; AI Hallucinations; Professional Misconduct; Legal Ethics; Advocates Act; AI Liability; Legal Profession; Data Privacy; Constitutional Law; AI Governance.

Cite of this Article:

Rahul Joshi, “Legal Responsibility for AI Errors and Professional Misconduct in India” The Research Dialogue, Open Access Peer-reviewed & Refereed Journal, Pp-483–489, Volume-05, Issue-01, April-2026, https://theresearchdialogue.com/