The Research Dialogue

Abstract

In Indian constitutional jurisprudence, the concept of a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) occupies a location that is especially problematic. This is because the UCC is situated at the intersection of law, religion, politics, gender, and national identity. This topic is the subject of a great deal of discussion. According to Article 44 of the Constitution of India, the UCC is a requirement that envisions a single, codified set of civil laws that govern personal affairs such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption, and maintenance for all individuals, regardless of their religion, caste, or community. These matters include marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption, and maintenance. The purpose of these laws is to exert authority over every facet of an individual’s life. After seven decades of constitutional administration and a significant number of court declarations, the Indian state has not been able to adequately implement Article 44. This is despite the fact that the court has issued several pronouncements. With this research, a critical analysis of the circumstance is carried out. Beginning with its ancient religious beginnings and going through colonial codification and post-independence amendments, the first portion of this research paper establishes the basis for the conceptual framework of the UCC and recounts the historical development of personal laws in India. This section also provides a historical overview of the evolution of personal laws in India. It elucidates the ways in which the continuance of parallel legal systems that are founded on religion contributes to the persistence of gender inequality and undermines the universalist viewpoint of the Indian Constitution. Specifically, it throws light on the methods in which these systems continue to exist.

Keywords: Uniform Civil Code, Article 44, Personal Law, Indian Constitution, Secularism, Gender Justice, Hindu Code Bills.

Kumar, Dr. Surendra. (2026). Uniform Civil Code in India: Constitutional Vision, Federal Challenges, and Judicial Perspective.The Research Dialogue, 5(2), 463–471, Volume-05, Issue-02, July-2026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.64880/theresearchdialogue.v5i2.50